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being的用法小結 being的詳細用法總結( 四 )

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They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他們很快將在那里開辦個新超市 。
A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一個新超市不久將在那里開辦 。
The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位醫生用英語講了兩次課 。
Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位醫生用英語講了兩次課 。
Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我們要當心老鼠 。
We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我們受到警告，要當心老鼠 。
如果主動語態有兩個賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)，變為被動語態時，可將其中任何一個賓語變為主語，另一個不變 。但較常見的是將間接賓語變為被動語態的主語 。
The reporters asked the president some questions. 采訪人員們問了總統一些問題 。
The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 變間接賓語為主語)
Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (變直接賓語為主語)
We have given him a job. 我們已給了他一個工作 。
He has been given a job. (變間接賓語為主語)
A job has been given (to) him. (變直接賓語為主語)
(六)含有情態動詞的被動語態
句中含有情態動詞時，其被動語態的結構是：情態動詞+be+過去分詞：
The timetable can be changed any time. 時間表隨時可以改變 。
This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 這本書不允許帶出閱覽室 。
This dictionary must be taken good care of. 這本詞典必須保管好 。
(七)關于被動語態的幾點說明
1、有些動詞形式上是主動，意義上是被動 。例如:
School begins in September. 學校九月份開學 。
The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 圖書館星期天不開放 。
The machine runs well. 這臺機器容易操作 。
My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使 。
The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗 。
The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷路很好 。
The book hardly sells. 這書買不出去 。
The door will not shut/lock. 門關/鎖不上 。
2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補 。但在被動語態中，不定式符號to必須補上 。例如：
They made him go. 他們讓他去 。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了 。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我聽見他向他的朋友說再見 。
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人聽到他向他的朋友說再見 。
3、除助動詞be外，動詞get有時也可跟過去分詞構成被動語態，是比較口語化的一種被動語態 。這種結構中很少用by短語 。例如:
I got lost in the huge market. 在那個巨大的市場中我迷失了方向 。
You might get killed/hurt. 你會送命/受傷的 。
In the end this story got translated into English. 這故事最后被譯成了英文 。

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